Standards, Sources & References

Defines globally consistent foundational product attributes and layers them across global core, category, regional and country/local needs.

Provides industry rules for when a new GTIN is required for a new product or changes to an existing trade item.

Official EU legislation covering the full life cycle of packaging, sustainability, labelling, EPR, prevention, reuse and recycling.

European Commission guidance supporting implementation and interpretation of the PPWR.

SAP documentation illustrating enterprise separation of material master, specification and recipe data.

SAP documentation showing specifications as inputs, outputs or components of other specifications.

Oracle documentation showing enterprise/zone/location menu-item masters and mapping to inventory systems.

Oracle documentation showing central recipe, product-cost and multi-location recipe management practices.

SAP documentation describes classification of materials by common characteristics and allows one material to be assigned to one or more classes.

Oracle documentation defines an Item Category as a grouping of items within a Catalog based on a common characteristic or usage, with a Catalog Code identifying the related Catalog.

IFA professional-development program covering business development, franchise management, leadership, legal compliance, operations, marketing and related franchise competencies.

Six-week online franchise foundation course covering core areas including franchise law, human resources, finance and strategic planning.

Curriculum covers franchise fundamentals/legal, HR and team leadership, growth/support, marketing and a management practicum based on real-world challenges.

Graduate curriculum focuses on the knowledge needed to acquire, run and grow a franchise business and may apply toward the university MBA under its published rules.

BFA professional-development pathway combining franchise knowledge, experience, continuing professional development and a Professional Dialogue assessment.

Council Recommendation establishing a common European approach to micro-credentials with emphasis on learning outcomes, quality, transparency, portability and lifelong learning.

EQAVET supports VET quality assurance through a planning, implementation, evaluation/assessment and review/revision cycle and applies across work-based, apprenticeship, digital and blended learning.

Europass common data model for qualifications, learning opportunities, credentials and accreditations, supporting consistent understanding and exchange of education data.

Europass describes EDCs as verifiable, natively digital learning credentials issued by an organisation to a learner; they may include micro-credentials and use an electronic seal to support origin and integrity verification.

Official Q&A explains that the Council Recommendation does not define an awarding-body eligibility list or common criteria; this remains subject to national law, regulation or practice, while quality assurance should refer to agreed sector standards.

Official Europass mapping explains that notional workload may be expressed through credit points; providers not using ECTS can also describe the estimated hours a learner is expected to engage in learning to earn the award.

Official Europass issuer guidance explains that a credential valid-from date may equal or differ from the actual issue date, and that a credential expiration date may be provided but is not mandatory. Validity dates can also be adjusted at recipient level.

MDN documents beforeunload as a way to trigger a browser-controlled confirmation when users close, reload or navigate away with unsaved work, while noting it is not reliable in every mobile scenario.

MDN describes localStorage as same-origin browser storage that persists across browser sessions, with private-browsing behavior differing by browser/session.

Chatime Australia officially documents drink sweetness customisation including standard, half sugar, 30% sugar and no sugar, with product-specific exceptions.

CoCo Canada shows customers choosing a milk-tea base and, in a current regional promotion, up to five toppings.

CHAGEE describes a Health Calculator where consumers choose drinks and specify sugar levels and temperature preferences.

The official HEYTEA app supports online ordering and personalising drinks with toppings and preferences.